ЗАДАНИЕ № 43
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WHAT IS A MANAGER?
A number of different terms are often used instead of the term "manager", including "director", "administrator" and "president". The term "manager" is used more frequently in profit-making organizations, while the others are used more widely in government and non-profit organizations such as universities, hospitals and social work agencies.
So, whom do we call a "manager"?
In its broad meaning, the term "managers" applies to the people who are responsible for making and carrying out decisions within a certain system. A personnel manager directly supervises people in an organization. Financial manager is a person who is responsible for finance. Sales manager is responsible for selling of goods. A marketing manager is responsible for promotion of products on the market.
Almost everything a manager involves decision-making. When a problem exists a manager has to make a decision to solve it. In decision-making there is always some uncertainty and risk.
Management is a variety of specific activities. Management is a function of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling. Any managerial system, at any managerial level, is characterized in terms of these general functions.
Managing is a responsible and hard job. There is a lot to be done and relatively little time to do it. In all types of organizations managerial efficiency depends on 4 manager's direct personal relationships, hard work on a variety of activities and preference for active tasks.
The characteristics of management often vary according to national culture, which can determine how managers are trained, how they lead people and how they approach their jobs.
The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible for leading the people directly under them, who are called subordinates. To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right to take decisions and give orders. Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative that is make decisions without asking their manager.
ЧТО ТАКОЕ МЕНЕДЖЕР?
Различные термины часто используются вместо термина "менеджер", включая "директор", "администратор" и "президент". Термин "менеджер" используется более часто в коммерческих организациях, в то время как другие более широко используются в государственных и некоммерческих организаций, таких как университеты, больницы и социальные учреждения.
Итак, кого же мы называем "менеджер"?
В широком смысле термин "менеджеры" относится к людям, которые несут ответственность за принятие и выполнение решений в рамках некой системы. Менеджер по персоналу непосредственно контролирует людей в организации. Финансовый менеджер-это человек, который отвечает за